Dialogue

Dialogue is a conversation between two or more people in a film. This piece of dialogue is from waterloo road from 0.05 to 0.10

Sound Bridge

A sound bridge is when at the beginning of one scene, the sound from the previous scene carries over briefly before the sound from the new scene begins. Sound bridges can lead in or out of a scene. At the beginning of this scene the music continues to be played

Sound Motif

Sound motifs condition the audience emotionally for the intervention, arrival or actions of a particular character. The use of sound motifs can help shape a story that requires many characters and many locations and help unify the film and sustain its narrative and thematic development. The eerie music provides a sense of supernatural activity

Sound Effects

Sound effects are effects that imitates a sound called for in the script of a play. A recorded or digitally produced sound that matches the visual action taking place onscreen. For example in a fight scene, a sound of a fist striking against a face(BANG). Ultimately it is sound other than dialogue, music or narration added in post production. This example of sound effects is during a fight scene in Primeval.

Asynchronous Sound

Asynchronous sound is sound that is not matched with the image, as when dialogue is out of sync with lip movements. Sound which is indigenous to the action but not precisely synchronised with the action.

Synchronous Sound

Synchronous sounds are those sounds which are synchronised or matched with what is viewed. It refers to sound recorded at the time of the filming of movies. When the mouth moves, the words come out in sync. Essentially this is used in a majority of videos, for example 0.24

Non diegetic Sound

Non diegetic sound is source whose is neither visible on the screen nor has been implied to be present in the action. Such as the narrator's commentary, sound effects which is added for the dramatic effect. Non diegetic sound is represented as coming from the source outside story place. Another term for non diegetic sound is commentary sound. this is the narrators commentary

Diegetic Sound

Diegetic sound is sound which source is visible on screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of the film. For example the voices of characters, sounds made by objects in the story, or source music. Diegetic sound can be off screen or on screen depending on whatever its source is within the frame or outside the frame.

Visual Effects

Visual effects are the visual processes by which imagery is created and manipulated outside the context of a live action shot. Visual effects involve the integration of live action footage and generated imagery to create environments that look realistic, but would be dangerous, costly or impossible to recreate physically for example, dinosaurs are extinct, these are computer aided design

Post Production

Post production is the stages in film production between the actual filming and the completed filming. The final stage in production, it occurs in a video editing suite. It is all the editing of audio, video and other graphic elements, when the film is complete.

Elipsis and Expansion Of Time

Elipsis presents an action in such a way that it consumes less time on the screen than it does in the story.   It is where movement and action unnecessary to the telling of a story will often be removed by editing.

The expansion of time can be accomplishments by intercutting a series of shots, or by filming the action from different angles and editing them together.

Slow Motion

Slow motion is an effect in film making where time appears to have been slowed down. Commonly referred to as slowmo it is used for attention to detail. Here's an example from Waterloo Road, used to dramatise an explosion scene.

Long take, Short take

A long take is an uninterrupted shot in a film which lasts much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or film in general, usually lasting several minutes.

A short take is a shot in a film usually lasting less than 3 seconds.

Superimposition

In graphics, superimposition is the placement of an image and video on top of an already existing image or video. But also sometimes used to conceive something. This technique is used in cartography to produce photomaps by superimposing grid lines.

Wipe

A wipe is a type of transition where one shot replaces another by travelling from one side of the frame to another or with a special shape

Fade in Fade out

The terms fade out and fade in are used to describe a transition to and from a blank image. there is a fade out at the end of this clip from monarch of the glen.

Cut

In filming, a cut is a post production editing technique. A cut is an abrupt, but usually trivial film transition from one scene to another. It's synonymous with the term 'edit'. The term refers to the physical cutting of a video, but can refer to software editing. At 3.02 in this video there is a cut

Dissolve

A dissolve is a gradual transition from one image to another. A dissolve overlaps two shots for the duration of the effect, usually at the end of one scene and the beginning of the next, but may be used in montage sequences also.

Insert

An insert is a shot in which a scene is filmed in a different angle or focal length from the master shot. Inserts show a different perspective from the master shot, it covers action not shown in the action shot. At 0.42 it just shows the woman running.

Cutaway

A cutaway shot is an interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else. It is usually followed with a cut back to the previous, when the cutaway avoids a jump shot. It is the interruption of a scene with the insertion of another scene.

Parallel Editing

A parallel editing cut is a device of narrative construction in which the development in which two pieces of acton are presented simultaneously, suggesting that two events have occurred at the same time. In this video, two scenes are occuring are at the same time.

Crosscutting

Cross cutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time in two different locations. In a crosscut, the camera will cut  away from one action to another action, which can suggest the simultaneity of these two actions but this is not always the case. Suspense may be added by crosscutting. Here is an example, 16.15 to 16.30, two scenes swiftly changing.

Jump Cut

A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly. This type of edit causes the subject of the shots to appear to "jump" position in a discontinuous way. Jump cuts can add a sense of spped to the sequence of events. In 2.05 of this Primeval scene a jump cut is used.

Action Match

Action match refers to film editing and video editing techniques where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action. Action match gives the impression of continous time when watching the edited film. from 1.04 to 1.08 an action match is used

Graphic Match

A graphic match is a cut in film editing between either two objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which an object in the two shots graphically match, often helping to establish a strong continuity of action and linking the two shots metaphorically.

Eyeline Match

An eyeline match is a film editing technique in which the camera shows the character looking at something, then followed by showing what the character is looking at. For example, a man is looking at something to his left, followed by what he is looking at. Here is an example of an eyeline match in Doctor Who at 2.50

shot/reverse shot

A shot reverse shot is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character, then the other character is shown looking back at the other character, the viewer assumes the two characters are looking at each other. At 5.22 to 5.29 there are various examples of shot reverse shots.

Zoom

Zoom is a camera shot that changes smoothly from a long shot to a close up or vice versa while reframing it using a digital zoom. A Zoom lens is a mechanical assembly of lens elements with the ability to vary its focal length. It may produce an image of lower quality. Here is an example from Skins  1.20

Handheld

Hand held shooting is a film making technique in which a camera is held in the camera operator's hands as opposed to being mounted on a tripod or other base. Handheld shooting is often used in a situation where the camera work is shakier. In 0.20 to 0.23 handheld is used.

Framing

Framing is a technique used to focus the viewer's attention on the subject. The frame enhances but is not itself the subject of attention.

Steadicam

Steadicam is a brand of camera stabilising mount that mechanically isolates the camera from the actor's movement, allowing for a smooth shot, even whilst moving on an uneven surface.
In 0.19 to 0.21 of this Midsomer Murders video steadicam is used.

Crane

In a crane shot the shot is taken from a crane. The uses are to view actors from above, commonly in sporting events such as football and boxing.
Here is an example of Midsomer Murders from 0.09 to 0.11.

Dolly

A camera dolly is a specialised piece of film production equipment. The camera is mounted to the dolly and the camera man rides on the dolly to operate the equipment.
At 0.47 onwards a dolly is used.

Track

A tracking shot is a shot in which the camera follows a subject within the frame, such as an actor or a moving vehicle. The camera is mounted on the camera dolly and the wheels can move the dolly, therefore producing a tracking shot.
0.47 onward. This is an example of track movement.

Tilt

Tilt is a filming technique in which the camera is stationary and rotates in a vertical plane. It is the angle of the liquid solid interfacial line.
Here is an example of tilt used in Doctor Who.

Low Angle

A low shot is a shot positioned low, at the eye line looking upwards. It can make a character look powerful and intimidating.
This example is taken from Doctor Who, looking upward toward the monsters

Canted Angle

A canted angle is an angle deliberately slanted to one angle to suggest imbalance. It is often used to portray imbalance and fright perhaps in horror movies. Here is an example of a canted angle from Midsomer Murders.

High Angle Shot

A high angle shot is a shot taken from above the eyeline. High angle shots are used in scenes where the subject would be seen as powerless or possibly to evoke fear. An example would be of a tall person's perspective whilst talking to a shorter, more vulnerable person. The camera is positioned above eye level, with the camera shooting down on the subject.

Over The Shoulder Shot

An over the shoulder shot in film is quite literally a camera shot taken from over the shoulder from a third person perspective, you are able to see the shoulder and the back of the head of the subject. This shot is common during a conversation between two characters, switching from one point of view to another. Here is an example from Waterloo Road.

Point of View Shot

A point of view shot in film is used to see what the subject/character in a TV show is looking at, represented by the camera, slightly similar to an over the shoulder shot, followed by the subjects reaction.  A point of view shot is ultimately viewed from the subject or character's perspective, made to give the viewer a glimpse of what the character is seeing which adds a sense of realism to the scene in which the viewer can possibly relate to the subject if the scene is dramatic or tense. An example of a point of view shot would be especially in a horror film, a look of fright on the subjects face which is then followed by what the subject is looking at, be it a ghost or the killer.
Here is an example from The Peep Show

Aerial Shot

An aerial shot is often done in film with help of a crane or a helicopter to view large landscapes, for instance Spiderman spinning webs from building to building, or Batman scaling various skyscrapers, these shots would be aerial shots as you would need the scene to be taken from a huge height to see the top of a building with a huge drop.

Two Shot

A two shot is a type of shot used in the film industry where two characters are seen in the shot. The subjects do not have to be next to each other or be conversing. It is often used during interviews or talk shows where two people are necessary to be seen and heard during the shot. It is a good way to follow the subjects without being distracted by the background.

Wide Shot

A white shot is a shot used in film in which you can see the subject from top to bottom, from head to toe. The viewer is still able to see some of the background. The camera can observe a lot of the action in the scene during a wide shot.

Mid Shot

The mid shot is a shot taken in conversation usually, whilst a character is talking. There is not a lot of detail involved and is usually intended to simply listen to what the character has to say rather than for dramatic scenes. It is made to depict the subject as he/she would be seen in a real life situation.
Here is an example from TV drama Downton Abbey

Long Shot

In film a long shot shows the character from a distance and is intended to place it in relation with the character's surroundings. Long shot's are often referred to as 'wide shots' due to the need for wide camera lenses to capture the scene. It is called a long shot because the camera is placed far away to capture a large area of view.

Medium Shot

A medium shot is used in film taken from a medium range to convey body language, in contrast to a close up conveying facial expressions and emotion. Taken from the dividing line between 'close up' and 'long shot', often a waist up shot of an actor/actress. A medium shot can allow the photographer to include more than one character, for example a fight scene or a heated argument during a movie. In a medium shot the viewer can acknowledge the setting and the mood, and still view the characters' acting performances. It is used for dialogue scenes with attention to character interaction. More subtle movements and detailed actions can be seen. Not as much detail is shown as a close up shot, but medium shots introduce more of the background. Here is an example of a medium shot taken from British TV drama 'Waterloo Road', an interaction between two main characters.

Close Up

A close up is a standard shot used in a TV show or movie with specific attention to detail on the performance of the actor or actress, depicting a character's deep emotions, or intensity of a scene. Close ups display the most detail, and can let the viewer learn more about a character from his/her emotions. A close up shot is taken with the subject tightly framed and shown at a relatively large scale. This example of a close up used in the American Tv drama 'Breaking Bad', clearly conveying fear in the actress' performance.

Extreme Long Shot

The extreme long shot is a shot used to emphasise background in a television programme or movie, the subject is small in the overall image. The extreme long shot is particularly used as the opening to a sequence or scene, with the framing being referred to as an establishing shot. It is hard to see an actor or actress performing clearly during an extreme long shot, as it is taken very far away from the subject. The extreme long shot ultimately denotes a precise location with attention being paid on the background. Extreme long shots can be taken from up to a quarter of a mile away and can connote a sequence in a movie such as a burning building, or a battle during war in a movie. Little detail is often included in an extreme long shot, as it is not meant to give away specific information. Here is an example of an extreme long shot from the British TV drama 'Doctor Who', showing the planet and the telephone booth.